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# Mammoth .docx to HTML converter
Mammoth is designed to convert .docx documents,
such as those created by Microsoft Word,
and convert them to HTML.
Mammoth aims to produce simple and clean HTML by using semantic information in the document,
and ignoring other details.
For instance,
Mammoth converts any paragraph with the style `Heading1` to `h1` elements,
rather than attempting to exactly copy the styling (font, text size, colour, etc.) of the heading.
There's a large mismatch between the structure used by .docx and the structure of HTML,
meaning that the conversion is unlikely to be perfect for more complicated documents.
Mammoth works best if you only use styles to semantically mark up your document.
## Installation
pip install mammoth
## Usage
### CLI
You can convert docx files by passing the path to the docx file and the output file.
For instance:
mammoth document.docx output.html
If no output file is specified, output is written to stdout instead.
Custom styles can be read from a file using `--styles`.
For instance:
mammoth document.docx output.html --styles=custom-styles
Where `custom-styles` looks something like:
p.AsideHeading => div.aside > h2:fresh
p.AsideText => div.aside > p:fresh
### API
To convert an existing .docx file to HTML,
pass a file-like object to `mammoth.convert_to_html`.
The file should be opened in binary mode.
For instance:
```python
import mammoth
with open("document.docx", "rb") as docx_file:
result = mammoth.convert_to_html(docx_file)
html = result.value # The generated HTML
messages = result.messages # Any messages, such as warnings during conversion
```
By default,
Mammoth maps some common .docx styles to HTML elements.
For instance,
a paragraph with the style `Heading1` is converted to a `h1` element.
You can pass in custom styles using the `styles` argument:
```python
import mammoth
styles = """
p.AsideHeading => div.aside > h2:fresh
p.AsideText => div.aside > p:fresh
"""
with open("document.docx", "rb") as docx_file:
result = mammoth.convert_to_html(docx_file, styles)
```
## Writing styles
A style has two parts:
* On the left, before the arrow, is the document element matcher.
* On the right, after the arrow, is the HTML path.
When converting each paragraph,
Mammoth finds the first style where the document element matcher matches the current paragraph.
Mammoth then ensures the HTML path is satisfied.
### Freshness
When writing styles, it's helpful to understand Mammoth's notion of freshness.
When generating, Mammoth will only close an HTML element when necessary.
Otherwise, elements are reused.
For instance, suppose one of the specified styles is `p.Heading1 => h1`.
If Mammoth encounters a .docx paragraphs with the style `Heading1`,
the .docx paragraph is converted to a `h1` element with the same text.
If the next .docx paragraph also has the style `Heading1`,
then the text of that paragraph will be appended to the *existing* `h1` element,
rather than creating a new `h1` element.
In most cases, you'll probably want to generate a new `h1` element instead.
You can specify this by using the `:fresh` modifier:
`p.Heading1 => h1:fresh`
The two consective `Heading1` .docx paragraphs will then be converted to two separate `h1` elements.
Reusing elements is useful in generating more complicated HTML structures.
For instance, suppose your .docx contains asides.
Each aside might have a heading and some body text,
which should be contained within a single `div.aside` element.
In this case, styles similar to `p.AsideHeading => div.aside > h2:fresh` and
`p.AsideText => div.aside > p:fresh` might be helpful.
### Document element matchers
#### Paragraphs and runs
Match any paragraph:
```
p
```
Match any run:
```
r
```
To match a paragraph or run with a specific style name,
append a dot followed by the style name.
For instance, to match a paragraph with the style `Heading1`:
```
p.Heading1
```
### HTML paths
#### Single elements
The simplest HTML path is to specify a single element.
For instance, to specify an `h1` element:
```
h1
```
To give an element a CSS class,
append a dot followed by the name of the class:
```
h1.section-title
```
To require that an element is fresh, use `:fresh`:
```
h1:fresh
```
Modifiers must be used in the correct order:
```
h1.section-title:fresh
```
#### Nested elements
Use `>` to specify nested elements.
For instance, to specify `h2` within `div.aside`:
```
div.aside > h2
```
You can nest elements to any depth.
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