3 files changed, 244 insertions, 298 deletions
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioSerializationTests.java b/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioSerializationTests.java
index 2f2990bb..ae554bb8 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioSerializationTests.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioSerializationTests.java
@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.operands.PatioOperand;
 import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.types.*;
 import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.values.PatioDataPtrValue;
 import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.values.PatioIntValue;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.sources.Source;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.sources.Sources;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
@@ -21,11 +20,11 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
 
     // == Compilation unit ==
 
-    protected abstract PatioCompilationUnit deserializeCompilationUnit(byte[] buffer);
-    protected abstract byte[] serializeCompilationUnit(PatioCompilationUnit value);
+    protected abstract PatioCompilationUnit deserializeCompilationUnit(byte[] buffer) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract byte[] serializeCompilationUnit(PatioCompilationUnit value) throws IOException;
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeCompilationUnit() {
+    public void canSerializeCompilationUnit() throws IOException {
         var element = PatioFunctionDefinition.builder()
             .withName("f")
             .build();
@@ -40,11 +39,11 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
 
     // == Compilation unit elements ==
 
-    protected abstract PatioCompilationUnitElement deserializeCompilationUnitElement(byte[] buffer, Source parentSource);
-    protected abstract byte[] serializeCompilationUnitElement(PatioCompilationUnitElement value, Source parentSource);
+    protected abstract PatioCompilationUnitElement deserializeCompilationUnitElement(byte[] buffer) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract byte[] serializeCompilationUnitElement(PatioCompilationUnitElement value) throws IOException;
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataElementImmutableDefinition() {
+    public void canSerializeDataElementImmutableDefinition() throws IOException {
         var element = Patio.dataElementImmutableDefinition(
             "x",
             PatioVisibility.PRIVATE,
@@ -55,30 +54,28 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedElement = deserializeCompilationUnitElement(
-            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedElement, equalTo(element));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataElementMutableDeclaration() {
+    public void canSerializeDataElementMutableDeclaration() throws IOException {
         var element = Patio.dataElementMutableDeclaration(
             "x",
             PatioDataLayouts.INT
         );
 
         var deserializedElement = deserializeCompilationUnitElement(
-            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedElement, equalTo(element));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataElementMutableDefinition() {
+    public void canSerializeDataElementMutableDefinition() throws IOException {
         var element = Patio.dataElementMutableDefinition(
             "x",
             PatioVisibility.PRIVATE,
@@ -86,27 +83,25 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedElement = deserializeCompilationUnitElement(
-            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedElement, equalTo(element));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeExceptionTypeDefinition() {
+    public void canSerializeExceptionTypeDefinition() throws IOException {
         var element = Patio.exceptionTypeDefinition("Error", PatioTypes.INT);
 
         var deserializedElement = deserializeCompilationUnitElement(
-            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedElement, equalTo(element));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeFunctionDeclaration() {
+    public void canSerializeFunctionDeclaration() throws IOException {
         var element = PatioFunctionDeclaration.builder()
             .withName("f")
             .addParam(Patio.param("param1", PatioTypes.INT))
@@ -115,15 +110,14 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
             .build();
 
         var deserializedElement = deserializeCompilationUnitElement(
-            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedElement, equalTo(element));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeFunctionDefinition() {
+    public void canSerializeFunctionDefinition() throws IOException {
         var element = PatioFunctionDefinition.builder()
             .withName("f")
             .withVisibility(PatioVisibility.PRIVATE)
@@ -136,8 +130,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
             .build();
 
         var deserializedElement = deserializeCompilationUnitElement(
-            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeCompilationUnitElement(element)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedElement, equalTo(element));
@@ -145,11 +138,11 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
 
     // == Instructions ==
 
-    protected abstract PatioInstruction deserializeInstruction(byte[] buffer, Source parentSource);
-    protected abstract byte[] serializeInstruction(PatioInstruction value, Source parentSource);
+    protected abstract PatioInstruction deserializeInstruction(byte[] buffer) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract byte[] serializeInstruction(PatioInstruction value) throws IOException;
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeBlock() {
+    public void canSerializeBlock() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.block(
             List.of(
                 Patio.localStore(Patio.localRef("x1"), Patio.intConst(1)),
@@ -162,27 +155,25 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeBoolToInt() {
+    public void canSerializeBoolToInt() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.boolToInt(Patio.localRef("destination"), Patio.localRef("value"));
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeCallWithoutDestination() {
+    public void canSerializeCallWithoutDestination() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.call(
             Optional.empty(),
             "f",
@@ -190,15 +181,14 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeCallWithDestination() {
+    public void canSerializeCallWithDestination() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.call(
             Optional.of(Patio.localRef("destination")),
             "f",
@@ -206,15 +196,14 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeCallPointer() {
+    public void canSerializeCallPointer() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.callPointer(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("f"),
@@ -222,27 +211,25 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataPtrToInt() {
+    public void canSerializeDataPtrToInt() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.dataPtrToInt(Patio.localRef("destination"), Patio.localRef("value"));
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIf() {
+    public void canSerializeIf() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.if_(
             List.of(
                 Patio.localRef("x"),
@@ -272,15 +259,14 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntAdd() {
+    public void canSerializeIntAdd() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.intAdd(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("left"),
@@ -288,15 +274,14 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntEquals() {
+    public void canSerializeIntEquals() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.intEquals(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("left"),
@@ -304,15 +289,14 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntNotEqual() {
+    public void canSerializeIntNotEqual() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.intNotEqual(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("left"),
@@ -320,15 +304,14 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntSub() {
+    public void canSerializeIntSub() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.intSub(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("left"),
@@ -336,57 +319,53 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntToBool() {
+    public void canSerializeIntToBool() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.intToBool(Patio.localRef("destination"), Patio.localRef("value"));
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntToDataPtr() {
+    public void canSerializeIntToDataPtr() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.intToDataPtr(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("value")
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeLocalStore() {
+    public void canSerializeLocalStore() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.localStore(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("x")
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeLoop() {
+    public void canSerializeLoop() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.loop(
             List.of(
                 Patio.localStore(Patio.localRef("x"), Patio.intConst(1))
@@ -394,39 +373,36 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeLoopBreak() {
+    public void canSerializeLoopBreak() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.loopBreak();
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeLoopContinue() {
+    public void canSerializeLoopContinue() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.loopContinue();
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeMemoryLoad() {
+    public void canSerializeMemoryLoad() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.memoryLoad(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("pointer"),
@@ -435,15 +411,14 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeMemoryStore() {
+    public void canSerializeMemoryStore() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.memoryStore(
             Patio.localRef("pointer"),
             PatioDataLayouts.struct(List.of(PatioDataLayouts.INT, PatioDataLayouts.INT, PatioDataLayouts.BYTE)),
@@ -452,39 +427,36 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeReturn() {
+    public void canSerializeReturn() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.return_(Patio.localRef("value"));
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeReturnVoid() {
+    public void canSerializeReturnVoid() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.returnVoid();
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeSwitch() {
+    public void canSerializeSwitch() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.switch_(
             List.of(
                 Patio.localRef("x"),
@@ -532,27 +504,25 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeThrow() {
+    public void canSerializeThrow() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.throw_("Error", Patio.localRef("value"));
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeTry() {
+    public void canSerializeTry() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.try_(
             List.of(Patio.localRef("x"), Patio.localRef("y")),
             List.of(
@@ -589,50 +559,46 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeUnreachable() {
+    public void canSerializeUnreachable() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.unreachable();
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeVarLoad() {
+    public void canSerializeVarLoad() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.varLoad(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("v")
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeVarStore() {
+    public void canSerializeVarStore() throws IOException {
         var instruction = Patio.varStore(
             Patio.localRef("destination"),
             Patio.localRef("value")
         );
 
         var deserializedInstruction = deserializeInstruction(
-            serializeInstruction(instruction, Sources.NULL),
-            Sources.NULL
+            serializeInstruction(instruction)
         );
 
         assertThat(deserializedInstruction, equalTo(instruction));
@@ -640,11 +606,11 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
 
     // == Operands ==
 
-    protected abstract PatioOperand deserializeOperand(byte[] buffer);
-    protected abstract byte[] serializeOperand(PatioOperand value);
+    protected abstract PatioOperand deserializeOperand(byte[] buffer) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract byte[] serializeOperand(PatioOperand value) throws IOException;
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeBoolConst() {
+    public void canSerializeBoolConst() throws IOException {
         var operand = Patio.boolConst(true);
 
         var deserializedOperand = deserializeOperand(
@@ -655,7 +621,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeByteConst() {
+    public void canSerializeByteConst() throws IOException {
         var operand = Patio.byteConst((byte) 42);
 
         var deserializedOperand = deserializeOperand(
@@ -666,7 +632,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataPtrConst() {
+    public void canSerializeDataPtrConst() throws IOException {
         var operand = Patio.dataPtrConst("x");
 
         var deserializedOperand = deserializeOperand(
@@ -677,7 +643,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeFunctionPtrConst() {
+    public void canSerializeFunctionPtrConst() throws IOException {
         var operand = Patio.functionPtrConst("x");
 
         var deserializedOperand = deserializeOperand(
@@ -688,7 +654,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntConst() {
+    public void canSerializeIntConst() throws IOException {
         var operand = Patio.intConst(42);
 
         var deserializedOperand = deserializeOperand(
@@ -699,7 +665,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeInt32Const() {
+    public void canSerializeInt32Const() throws IOException {
         var operand = Patio.int32Const(42);
 
         var deserializedOperand = deserializeOperand(
@@ -710,7 +676,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeLocalRef() {
+    public void canSerializeLocalRef() throws IOException {
         var operand = Patio.localRef("x");
 
         var deserializedOperand = deserializeOperand(
@@ -722,11 +688,11 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
 
     // == Data ptr values ==
 
-    protected abstract PatioDataPtrValue deserializeDataPtrValue(byte[] buffer);
-    protected abstract byte[] serializeDataPtrValue(PatioDataPtrValue value);
+    protected abstract PatioDataPtrValue deserializeDataPtrValue(byte[] buffer) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract byte[] serializeDataPtrValue(PatioDataPtrValue value) throws IOException;
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataPtrValueDataElement() {
+    public void canSerializeDataPtrValueDataElement() throws IOException {
         var dataPtrValue = Patio.dataPtrValueDataElement("string");
 
         var deserializedDataPtrValue = deserializeDataPtrValue(
@@ -737,7 +703,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataPtrValueNull() {
+    public void canSerializeDataPtrValueNull() throws IOException {
         var dataPtrValue = Patio.dataPtrValueNull();
 
         var deserializedDataPtrValue = deserializeDataPtrValue(
@@ -749,11 +715,11 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
 
     // == Int values ==
 
-    protected abstract PatioIntValue deserializeIntValue(byte[] buffer);
-    protected abstract byte[] serializeIntValue(PatioIntValue value);
+    protected abstract PatioIntValue deserializeIntValue(byte[] buffer) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract byte[] serializeIntValue(PatioIntValue value) throws IOException;
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntValueByteOffsetOf() {
+    public void canSerializeIntValueByteOffsetOf() throws IOException {
         var intValue = Patio.intValueByteOffsetOf(
             PatioDataLayouts.struct(List.of(
                 PatioDataLayouts.INT,
@@ -770,7 +736,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntValueByteSizeOf() {
+    public void canSerializeIntValueByteSizeOf() throws IOException {
         var intValue = Patio.intValueByteSizeOf(
             PatioDataLayouts.struct(List.of(
                 PatioDataLayouts.INT,
@@ -786,7 +752,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntValueLiteral() {
+    public void canSerializeIntValueLiteral() throws IOException {
         var intValue = Patio.intValueLiteral(42);
 
         var deserializedIntValue = deserializeIntValue(
@@ -798,11 +764,11 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
 
     // == Types ==
 
-    protected abstract PatioType deserializeType(byte[] buffer);
-    protected abstract byte[] serializeType(PatioType value);
+    protected abstract PatioType deserializeType(byte[] buffer) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract byte[] serializeType(PatioType value) throws IOException;
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeBoolType() {
+    public void canSerializeBoolType() throws IOException {
         var type = PatioTypes.BOOL;
 
         var deserializedType = deserializeType(
@@ -813,7 +779,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeByteType() {
+    public void canSerializeByteType() throws IOException {
         var type = PatioTypes.BYTE;
 
         var deserializedType = deserializeType(
@@ -824,7 +790,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataPtrType() {
+    public void canSerializeDataPtrType() throws IOException {
         var type = PatioTypes.DATA_PTR;
 
         var deserializedType = deserializeType(
@@ -835,7 +801,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeFunctionPtrType() {
+    public void canSerializeFunctionPtrType() throws IOException {
         var type = PatioTypes.FUNCTION_PTR;
 
         var deserializedType = deserializeType(
@@ -846,7 +812,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeIntType() {
+    public void canSerializeIntType() throws IOException {
         var type = PatioTypes.INT;
 
         var deserializedType = deserializeType(
@@ -857,7 +823,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeInt32Type() {
+    public void canSerializeInt32Type() throws IOException {
         var type = PatioTypes.INT32;
 
         var deserializedType = deserializeType(
@@ -869,11 +835,11 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
 
     // == Data layouts ==
 
-    protected abstract PatioDataLayout deserializeDataLayout(byte[] buffer);
-    protected abstract byte[] serializeDataLayout(PatioDataLayout value);
+    protected abstract PatioDataLayout deserializeDataLayout(byte[] buffer) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract byte[] serializeDataLayout(PatioDataLayout value) throws IOException;
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataLayoutArray() {
+    public void canSerializeDataLayoutArray() throws IOException {
         var layout = PatioDataLayouts.array(PatioDataLayouts.INT, 4);
 
         var deserializedLayout = deserializeDataLayout(
@@ -884,7 +850,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataLayoutBool() {
+    public void canSerializeDataLayoutBool() throws IOException {
         var layout = PatioDataLayouts.BOOL;
 
         var deserializedLayout = deserializeDataLayout(
@@ -895,7 +861,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataLayoutByte() {
+    public void canSerializeDataLayoutByte() throws IOException {
         var layout = PatioDataLayouts.BYTE;
 
         var deserializedLayout = deserializeDataLayout(
@@ -906,7 +872,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataLayoutDataPtr() {
+    public void canSerializeDataLayoutDataPtr() throws IOException {
         var layout = PatioDataLayouts.DATA_PTR;
 
         var deserializedLayout = deserializeDataLayout(
@@ -917,7 +883,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataLayoutFunctionPtr() {
+    public void canSerializeDataLayoutFunctionPtr() throws IOException {
         var layout = PatioDataLayouts.FUNCTION_PTR;
 
         var deserializedLayout = deserializeDataLayout(
@@ -928,7 +894,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataLayoutInt() {
+    public void canSerializeDataLayoutInt() throws IOException {
         var layout = PatioDataLayouts.INT;
 
         var deserializedLayout = deserializeDataLayout(
@@ -939,7 +905,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataLayoutInt32() {
+    public void canSerializeDataLayoutInt32() throws IOException {
         var layout = PatioDataLayouts.INT32;
 
         var deserializedLayout = deserializeDataLayout(
@@ -950,7 +916,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataLayoutStruct() {
+    public void canSerializeDataLayoutStruct() throws IOException {
         var layout = PatioDataLayouts.struct(List.of(PatioDataLayouts.INT, PatioDataLayouts.INT, PatioDataLayouts.BYTE));
 
         var deserializedLayout = deserializeDataLayout(
@@ -962,12 +928,11 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
 
     // == Data values ==
 
-    protected abstract PatioDataValue deserializeDataValue(byte[] buffer);
-    protected abstract byte[] serializeDataValue(PatioDataValue value);
-
+    protected abstract PatioDataValue deserializeDataValue(byte[] buffer) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract byte[] serializeDataValue(PatioDataValue value) throws IOException;
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataValueArray() {
+    public void canSerializeDataValueArray() throws IOException {
         var value = PatioDataValues.array(
             PatioDataLayouts.BYTE,
             List.of(
@@ -985,7 +950,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataValueBool() {
+    public void canSerializeDataValueBool() throws IOException {
         var value = PatioDataValues.bool(true);
 
         var deserializedValue = deserializeDataValue(
@@ -996,7 +961,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataValueByte() {
+    public void canSerializeDataValueByte() throws IOException {
         var value = PatioDataValues.byte_(0xc8);
 
         var deserializedValue = deserializeDataValue(
@@ -1007,7 +972,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataValueDataPtr() {
+    public void canSerializeDataValueDataPtr() throws IOException {
         var value = PatioDataValues.dataPtrNull();
 
         var deserializedValue = deserializeDataValue(
@@ -1018,7 +983,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataValueInt() {
+    public void canSerializeDataValueInt() throws IOException {
         var value = PatioDataValues.int_(42);
 
         var deserializedValue = deserializeDataValue(
@@ -1029,7 +994,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataValueInt32() {
+    public void canSerializeDataValueInt32() throws IOException {
         var value = PatioDataValues.int32(42);
 
         var deserializedValue = deserializeDataValue(
@@ -1040,7 +1005,7 @@ public abstract class PatioSerializationTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void canSerializeDataValueStruct() {
+    public void canSerializeDataValueStruct() throws IOException {
         var value = PatioDataValues.struct(List.of(
             PatioDataValues.byte_(0x01),
             PatioDataValues.byte_(0x02),
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioToFlatbuffersTests.java b/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioToFlatbuffersTests.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ff08678..00000000
--- a/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioToFlatbuffersTests.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-package org.shedlang.compiler.patio.serialization;
-
-import com.google.flatbuffers.FlatBufferBuilder;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.PatioCompilationUnit;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.PatioCompilationUnitElement;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.flatbuffers.*;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.instructions.PatioInstruction;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.operands.PatioOperand;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.types.PatioDataLayout;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.types.PatioDataValue;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.types.PatioType;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.values.PatioDataPtrValue;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.values.PatioIntValue;
-import org.shedlang.compiler.sources.Source;
-
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-
-public class PatioToFlatbuffersTests extends PatioSerializationTests {
-    @Override
-    protected byte[] serializeCompilationUnit(PatioCompilationUnit value) {
-        var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder();
-        var valueFbs = PatioToFlatbuffers.serializeCompilationUnit(builder, value);
-        builder.finish(valueFbs);
-        return builder.sizedByteArray();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected PatioCompilationUnit deserializeCompilationUnit(byte[] buffer) {
-        var valueFbs = PatioCompilationUnitFbs.getRootAsPatioCompilationUnitFbs(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-        return PatioToFlatbuffers.deserializeCompilationUnit(valueFbs);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected byte[] serializeCompilationUnitElement(PatioCompilationUnitElement value, Source parentSource) {
-        var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder();
-        var valueFbs = PatioToFlatbuffers.serializeCompilationUnitElement(builder, value, parentSource);
-        builder.finish(valueFbs);
-        return builder.sizedByteArray();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected PatioCompilationUnitElement deserializeCompilationUnitElement(byte[] buffer, Source parentSource) {
-        var valueFbs = PatioCompilationUnitElementFbs.getRootAsPatioCompilationUnitElementFbs(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-        return PatioToFlatbuffers.deserializeCompilationUnitElement(valueFbs, parentSource);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected byte[] serializeInstruction(PatioInstruction value, Source parentSource) {
-        var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder();
-        var valueFbs = PatioToFlatbuffers.serializeInstruction(builder, value, parentSource);
-        builder.finish(valueFbs);
-        return builder.sizedByteArray();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected PatioInstruction deserializeInstruction(byte[] buffer, Source parentSource) {
-        var valueFbs = PatioInstructionFbs.getRootAsPatioInstructionFbs(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-        return PatioToFlatbuffers.deserializeInstruction(valueFbs, parentSource);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected byte[] serializeOperand(PatioOperand value) {
-        var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder();
-        var valueFbs = PatioToFlatbuffers.serializeOperand(builder, value);
-        builder.finish(valueFbs);
-        return builder.sizedByteArray();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected PatioOperand deserializeOperand(byte[] buffer) {
-        var valueFbs = PatioOperandFbs.getRootAsPatioOperandFbs(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-        return PatioToFlatbuffers.deserializeOperand(valueFbs);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected byte[] serializeDataPtrValue(PatioDataPtrValue value) {
-        var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder();
-        var valueFbs = PatioToFlatbuffers.serializeDataPtrValue(builder, value);
-        builder.finish(valueFbs);
-        return builder.sizedByteArray();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected PatioDataPtrValue deserializeDataPtrValue(byte[] buffer) {
-        var valueFbs = PatioDataPtrValueFbs.getRootAsPatioDataPtrValueFbs(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-        return PatioToFlatbuffers.deserializeDataPtrValue(valueFbs);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected byte[] serializeIntValue(PatioIntValue value) {
-        var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder();
-        var valueFbs = PatioToFlatbuffers.serializeIntValue(builder, value);
-        builder.finish(valueFbs);
-        return builder.sizedByteArray();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected PatioIntValue deserializeIntValue(byte[] buffer) {
-        var valueFbs = PatioIntValueFbs.getRootAsPatioIntValueFbs(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-        return PatioToFlatbuffers.deserializeIntValue(valueFbs);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected byte[] serializeType(PatioType value) {
-        var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder();
-        var valueFbs = PatioToFlatbuffers.serializeType(builder, value);
-        builder.finish(valueFbs);
-        return builder.sizedByteArray();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected PatioType deserializeType(byte[] buffer) {
-        var valueFbs = PatioTypeFbs.getRootAsPatioTypeFbs(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-        return PatioToFlatbuffers.deserializeType(valueFbs);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected byte[] serializeDataLayout(PatioDataLayout value) {
-        var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder();
-        var valueFbs = PatioToFlatbuffers.serializeDataLayout(builder, value);
-        builder.finish(valueFbs);
-        return builder.sizedByteArray();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected PatioDataLayout deserializeDataLayout(byte[] buffer) {
-        var valueFbs = PatioDataLayoutFbs.getRootAsPatioDataLayoutFbs(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-        return PatioToFlatbuffers.deserializeDataLayout(valueFbs);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected byte[] serializeDataValue(PatioDataValue value) {
-        var builder = new FlatBufferBuilder();
-        var valueFbs = PatioToFlatbuffers.serializeDataValue(builder, value);
-        builder.finish(valueFbs);
-        return builder.sizedByteArray();
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected PatioDataValue deserializeDataValue(byte[] buffer) {
-        var valueFbs = PatioDataValueFbs.getRootAsPatioDataValueFbs(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-        return PatioToFlatbuffers.deserializeDataValue(valueFbs);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioToTransient0Tests.java b/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioToTransient0Tests.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34d54ca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/org/shedlang/compiler/patio/serialization/PatioToTransient0Tests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package org.shedlang.compiler.patio.serialization;
+
+import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.PatioCompilationUnit;
+import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.PatioCompilationUnitElement;
+import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.instructions.PatioInstruction;
+import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.operands.PatioOperand;
+import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.types.PatioDataLayout;
+import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.types.PatioDataValue;
+import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.types.PatioType;
+import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.values.PatioDataPtrValue;
+import org.shedlang.compiler.patio.values.PatioIntValue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class PatioToTransient0Tests extends PatioSerializationTests {
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] serializeCompilationUnit(PatioCompilationUnit value) throws IOException {
+        var outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PatioToTransient0.serializeCompilationUnit(value, outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PatioCompilationUnit deserializeCompilationUnit(byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
+        return PatioToTransient0.deserializeCompilationUnit(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] serializeCompilationUnitElement(PatioCompilationUnitElement value) throws IOException {
+        var outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PatioToTransient0.serializeCompilationUnitElement(value, outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PatioCompilationUnitElement deserializeCompilationUnitElement(byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
+        return PatioToTransient0.deserializeCompilationUnitElement(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] serializeInstruction(PatioInstruction value) throws IOException {
+        var outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PatioToTransient0.serializeInstruction(value, outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PatioInstruction deserializeInstruction(byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
+        return PatioToTransient0.deserializeInstruction(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] serializeOperand(PatioOperand value) throws IOException {
+        var outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PatioToTransient0.serializeOperand(value, outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PatioOperand deserializeOperand(byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
+        return PatioToTransient0.deserializeOperand(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] serializeDataPtrValue(PatioDataPtrValue value) throws IOException {
+        var outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PatioToTransient0.serializeDataPtrValue(value, outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PatioDataPtrValue deserializeDataPtrValue(byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
+        return PatioToTransient0.deserializeDataPtrValue(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] serializeIntValue(PatioIntValue value) throws IOException {
+        var outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PatioToTransient0.serializeIntValue(value, outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PatioIntValue deserializeIntValue(byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
+        return PatioToTransient0.deserializeIntValue(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] serializeType(PatioType value) throws IOException {
+        var outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PatioToTransient0.serializeType(value, outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PatioType deserializeType(byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
+        return PatioToTransient0.deserializeType(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] serializeDataLayout(PatioDataLayout value) throws IOException {
+        var outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PatioToTransient0.serializeDataLayout(value, outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PatioDataLayout deserializeDataLayout(byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
+        return PatioToTransient0.deserializeDataLayout(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected byte[] serializeDataValue(PatioDataValue value) throws IOException {
+        var outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PatioToTransient0.serializeDataValue(value, outputStream);
+        return outputStream.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PatioDataValue deserializeDataValue(byte[] buffer) throws IOException {
+        return PatioToTransient0.deserializeDataValue(new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer));
+    }
+}